1st draft

Basic structure to look for:

For formal online find a news article and a government report or a Statista thing

Para 1 

-Citation/ Your chosen report or academic text that needs MMU Harvard referencing

-A 200-250 word summary about that chosen text

Para 2 

-Another citation from the same text that can be used as referencing

-A critical appraisal of the text/  This is just an evaluation and reflection of the authors points and your opinion on them 

-How do the ideas and arguments advanced by the author(s) compare with other works in similar areas? Where do they overlap? Where are they different? / compare with other similar products you have researched 

-Does the work update other sources, substantiate other materials you have read, or add new information? If so, what is the value in such additions? What are its limitations? Is it better or worse than other articles or books and why

-What can the reader learn about the topic in reading the work? How would it be useful for the reader?

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https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/sep/21/tiktok-tightens-policies-around-political-issues-in-run-up-to-us-midterms

This journal article examines how the social media app TikTok, has tightened policies around political campaigners running up to the last election in 2020. The author states how TikTok had banned political content, in attempt to negate the effects of misinformation on the app. He then elaborated on how political accounts will be blocked from other monetisation features, and will also be removed from eligibility for the company’s “creator fund”, which distributes cash to some of the most successful video producers on the site. The author then argues that due to ecommerce features, such as gifting and tipping, were being embraced by some political accounts. After this, he then began explaining how TikTok will be maintained as an entertainment platform and that accounts may be banned if they are being used for campaign fundraising, which would include asking for donations on their live streams, or by other third party sites. He finishes this by stating that other social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram will begin following in TikTok actions and soon start banning certain politic accounts that violate similar terms and conditions. 

Hern, A. (2022) 'TikTok tightens policies around political issues in run-up to US midterms' The Guardian [Online] [22nd November 2022] URL: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/sep/21/tiktok-tightens-policies-around-political-issues-in-run-up-to-us-midterms#top

The author for this journal article has been very unbiased in explaining TikToks recent actions against political posts. Throughout the journal article he doesn't state his opinion on the situation and instead relays the information to the reader. Unlike Rama Byline, this allows the reader to form their own opinion on the subject, and decide whether TikToks tightened policies are adequate enough for this situation. who warned and requested the reader to use the advice that she had given, to better help their children. Instead of blaming the social media app itself, Hern, A informs the reader about how specific ecommerce features were used by politicians to gain donations to obtain an advantage over other politicians. Plus, he includes specific quotes from TikTok explaining how the company will be banning these features for users that post political content. The authors use of including the companies plan to prevent this, allows the reader to understand how the preventions for this problem will soon take effect and gives the reader clear information about how and why politicians have been doing this. This is much more unbiased compared to Rama Byline, as she shows very clearly in her journal article that she is strongly apposed to what should be on social media, hence why she warns the reader to ensure they arm monitoring what content their children are accessing. Overall This journal article about political users taking advantage of TikToks ecommerce and livestreaming features is very useful at informing the reader about how political users had taken advantage of the app to earn donations from other users. Furthermore, it includes specific quotes from professionals of the company which helps bring a conclusion to the situation and help the reader understand what the company of these social medias will be doing to prevent this in the future. Making it a great source of information regarding online politics and the use that social media can have on voting in America.

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https://go-gale-com.mmu.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?p=STND&u=mmucal5&id=GALE|A647818675&v=2.1&it=r&sid=oclc

The Author of this journal article expresses how they believe that the increased use of social media has negatively effected younger teens and adults. They have stated that the increase usage of social media has lead to a lot more younger adults and teens suffering from medical, or mental health issues. Elaborating on these statements by referencing different researches and studies that have provided specific data, which the author uses to back up his statement. He states that nowadays young teens are exposed to a lot more hurtful onscreen violence or offensive language that he states is linked to many of the mental issue that effect teens nowadays. Furthermore, the author has used this journal article as a way to inform parents about how their children may be effected while using social media. Stating that the increase of harassment and trolling online, including cyber bullying, can potentially effect their younger teenager. Throughout the article, the author includes knowledge that can be used to help your own child, as he informs the reader ways to help their child if the parent believes they are going through a similar situations. 

Byline, R. (2021) 'Social media effects on teens' Women's area [Online] [17th November 2022] [DOI: 0971-1503] URL: https://go-gale-com.mmu.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?p=STND&u=mmucal5&id=GALE%7CA647818675&v=2.1&it=r&sid=oclc

In this journal article, The author is much more expressive about their opinions regarding the certain effects social media can cause. Specifically regarding how social media can effect teens mental health, and how you can prevent this. Compared to the article written by Hern, A, this author seems to be more biased and negative while writing about social media. The author furthers this by including tips that the reader can use to help prevent their child from the effects that they proposed social media could have on them. This article is better at forming an opinion about social media and informing the reader about the potential risks that they could face. However, it feels dated in its approach to demonstrate this, as it includes outdated and very biased statements that limit how some readers may understand it. This undermines the main message of the article, as the author has done little research while also not including any potential quotes from professionals. This makes the journal article seem much more inauthentic and instead as if it trying to push an agenda that social media is bad. Compared to the previous journal article written by Hern, A, which including data, links, and quotes that helped the reader understand the message of the article more clear. In conclusion, I believe that this journal article, while informing the reader of many potential risks that someone can face while online, undermines these points by pushing a biased agenda that includes more over the top points, therefore making it a less informative read.

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During page 660 in this e-book, the author expresses how he believes during the beginning of the pandemic, hate speech directed towards Asian people increased dramatically on social media. The author states that many public figures showed hate towards eastern countries like China due to the outbreak of the virus. The author showed how social media channels such as Twitter and Instagram allowed these public figures to spread hate towards Asian communities, and people who were struggling in third world countries. One example of this he showed was when former president Donald Trump called the virus the Chinese Virus on Twitter. The author explains how this tweet had caused irreparable damage towards the Asian community in America, which he links to the increase in racism and xenophobia against Asian people. Another example expressed by the author was the comments made by the former Italian Deputy Prime Minister, in which he used social media, and Covid-19, to spread hateful comments about African Asylum seekers, in hopes that the government would shutdown borders. 

Al-Jarf, Reima. (2021) Technium: Combating the Covid-19 hate and racism speech on social media. [Online] Vol 18.,  (April 7, 2021). Saudi Arabia: Technium. [Accessed on 10th November 2022] https://techniumscience.com/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/2982

Compared to both articles, this author is much more expressive on his beliefs regarding social media. Explaining how it was used to spread racism and hate towards Asian communities during the peek of the pandemic. He is much more biased throughout the source and blames certain public figures for the spread of racism during the pandemic. However, similar to both journal articles, it shows how the problem was perpetuated by social media outlets, in which people used them to spread false information and hate for their own personal gain. The information that this source presented was more impactful than the other sources, as it gave concise information and constant examples which would help add to how someone may perceive the information shown to them. Overall, this article is better at relaying the information to the reader, and using different examples and citations that help back up the author regarding his beliefs against how social media was used during the pandemic. However, its limitations that effect the overall outcome, such as the lack of information regarding the social media companies fighting against posts that spread hateful messages or misinformation by banning the people that post them, or showing uses that what they are reading may be misinformation regarding Covid-19. The author could have even given his own opinions on how the Social media companies could have helped limit how uses see these posts which would have greatly benefited his source. 

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This news article examines the recent arrest of Social media influencer Andrew Tate, while also documenting how fan accounts on Twitter and TikTok have been making misleading posts about the arrest that may impact any future legal proceedings, while damaging how people obtain information on these applications. In the news article it explains how misinformation and fandom toxicity have allowed misleading posts to be shared on social media. The author explains how both TikTok and Twitter have had problems dealing with these posts which state that the influencer has been set free by Romanian police. Furthermore, the article shows how conspiracy theories shared amongst Tate's fandom, have led to him trending on both platforms. Which the author believes will spread the misleading information even further. Along with this he also goes over how TikTok aggressively promoted Tate's content to boys and young men due to the apps incredibly strong artificial intelligence, which promotes certain content more than others based on user interaction. Near the end of the article however, the author explains how TikTok has stated that they will take a strong stance against misinformation, and ban any content that is flagged to be misleading in the future, hoping to dampen the effect of the toxic fandom the influencer has created.

Das, S (2023) 'Andrew Tate arrest: TikTok and Twitter under fire over false posts from fans.' The Guardian. [Online] 1st January. [Accessed on the 1st January 2023]                                                        https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/jan/01/fans-andrew-tate-king-of-toxic-masculinity-flood-web-arrest

In this news article the author is similar to the author who wrote the first journal article I looked at titled 'TikTok tightens policies around political issues in run-up to US midterms'. They both give their information in an unbiased approach and inform the reader on how these social media companies are prepared to fix this problem. This makes both articles seem much more informative and less opinionated in how they inform the reader. The news article differs from the journal article in that it doesn't include quotes from officials, which could have been used to give more information about how the social media companies were going to combat this issue. However, the news article does also include direct examples of the misinformation, including tweets, hashtags, and popular TikToks that have been circulating about his arrest. These all help to show how the misleading content has been shared online and how his fans have spread the misinformation about his release from 'The Matrix' that tried to arrest him. Overall this source does update the reader on how misinformation can be spread online. It includes more information about misinformation than the other journal articles that talk about similar topics, and includes examples that can be used to back up the facts shown by the author. Direct quotes from officials would have made it a more informative piece however. As they would have allowed the author to go into more detail on how the social media companies are combatting these problems.

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This government report is about how the GDS use social media and how they use online tools to best understand demographic data, and what is being said online. Throughout the report they give the reader many examples on how they can use social media to understand audience insight and engagement. Furthermore, providing multiple links to other government reports that either show important statistics or go into detail about specific topics within social media. The report also mentions how the influencer industry growing due to the influx of online careers available to younger people, and how partnerships with influencers can be made for a government or companies own benefits. Which the report then states can be further utilized through the content that the influencer or even reader makes. To further this the report includes a content strategy list, and examples of how they post on their social media channels and deal with harassment, bullying, and trolls online. 

Government digital service. (2018) Guidance: Social media playbook. Unknown place of publication: Government digital service. [Online] [Accessed on 17th December 2022]                                                https://www.gov.uk/guidance/social-media-playbook

In my opinion, this government report is a very useful source for readers. It can help them understand how they can use their social media channels to build their brand or company. Constantly giving examples and concise and clear information that the reader can easily understand and use for their benefit. The report mentions social media in a beneficial way and uses it to explain how people can use it to build their brand and relationship with their target audience. Similar to the other sources it includes many links, references, and statistics that further build on the points they were making in the report. Plus, its use of examples from its own social media accounts shows how they have used these tactics when posting to their target audience.